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--></style></head><body lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div class="WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#993366">Wrenches:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#993366"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#993366">Here is our answer. The logic is not what I anticipated but it works for me.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#993366"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#993366">Interesting that there is still a need to list inverters to provide zero backfeed current. This is necessary if you want to avoid fuses on two string installations.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#993366"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#993366">William</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#993366"> </span></p><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#993366">Miller Solar</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#993366">17395 Oak Road, Atascadero, CA 93422</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#993366">805-438-5600</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#993366"><a href="http://www.millersolar.com/"><span style="color:blue">www.millersolar.com</span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#993366">CA Lic. 773985</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#993366"> </span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#993366"> </span></p><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #b5c4df 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Jeff Laughy [mailto:<a href="mailto:Jeff.Laughy@solaredge.com">Jeff.Laughy@solaredge.com</a>] <br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, September 10, 2021 1:35 PM<br><b>To:</b> Ryan Suchsland; Garrett Duffy; Jonathan Smith; <a href="mailto:william@millersolar.com">william@millersolar.com</a><br><b>Subject:</b> RE: [RE-wrenches] "Re-powering" Aging Utilty Scale PV systems</span></p></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Hello William,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">As part of the UL-1741 listing process, SolarEdge inverters are verified to provide zero back feed current to the input source circuits</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">SolarEdge inverters are non-isolated, transformer-less, so the PV array needs to operate in an ungrounded floating state. The fixed DC string voltage for our 480 volt 3 phase inverters is 850 Vdc. Since the array is ungrounded, the highest voltage to ground measured anywhere on the string at the optimizer input connectors would be 425 Vdc. For this reason it is safe to use PV modules rated at 600 volts. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Best Regards</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#303030"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI Semibold","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Jeff Laughy</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#303030"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#303030">Principal Engineer</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#4f4f4f"><br></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#4f4f4f">M +1-209-607-2402<br><a href="mailto:jeff.laughy@solaredge.com"><span style="color:#0563c1">jeff.laughy@solaredge.com</span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.solaredge.com/"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="104" height="29" id="Picture_x0020_3" src="cid:image001.jpg@01D7A67A.B931F980" alt="cid:image001.gif@01D495F8.2A2123F0"></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#4f4f4f"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#0563c1"><a href="mailto:Emily.Welch@solaredge.com%0d# "><span style="color:#0563c1"><br></span></a></span></u><a href="https://www.pv-magazine.com/2021/01/21/pv-magazine-award-the-winners/"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:black;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="480" height="168" id="Picture_x0020_7" src="cid:image005.jpg@01D7A647.57678590" alt="Diagram
Description automatically generated with low confidence"></span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#4f4f4f"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI Symbol","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #e1e1e1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> Ryan Suchsland <<a href="mailto:Ryan.Suchsland@solaredge.com">Ryan.Suchsland@solaredge.com</a>> <br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, September 9, 2021 4:50 PM<br><b>To:</b> Garrett Duffy <<a href="mailto:Garrett.Duffy@solaredge.com">Garrett.Duffy@solaredge.com</a>>; Jonathan Smith <<a href="mailto:Jonathan.Smith@solaredge.com">Jonathan.Smith@solaredge.com</a>><br><b>Cc:</b> Jeff Laughy <<a href="mailto:Jeff.Laughy@solaredge.com">Jeff.Laughy@solaredge.com</a>><br><b>Subject:</b> RE: [RE-wrenches] "Re-powering" Aging Utilty Scale PV systems</span></p></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Hi all, </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">I had a conversation with the customer earlier basically just to address his question, so I think it would be helpful to pull in Jeff here to help answer the questions.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> </span></p><div><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#404040">Ryan Suchsland</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#404040">Inside Sales Account Executive</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#404040">O: 510-897-8000 ext. 2180</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#404040">M: 602-694-9570</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#404040">Customer service & tech support 510-498-3200</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#404040"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="mailto:ryan.suchsland@solaredge.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#0563c1">ryan.suchsland@solaredge.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#404040"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.solaredge.com/" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="104" height="29" id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image006.jpg@01D7A647.57678590"></span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> </span></p><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #e1e1e1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> Garrett Duffy <<a href="mailto:Garrett.Duffy@solaredge.com">Garrett.Duffy@solaredge.com</a>> <br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, September 9, 2021 12:49 PM<br><b>To:</b> Ryan Suchsland <<a href="mailto:Ryan.Suchsland@solaredge.com">Ryan.Suchsland@solaredge.com</a>>; Jonathan Smith <<a href="mailto:Jonathan.Smith@solaredge.com">Jonathan.Smith@solaredge.com</a>><br><b>Cc:</b> Jeff Laughy <<a href="mailto:Jeff.Laughy@solaredge.com">Jeff.Laughy@solaredge.com</a>><br><b>Subject:</b> RE: [RE-wrenches] "Re-powering" Aging Utilty Scale PV systems</span></p></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#002060">Removing customer.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#002060"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#002060">Ryan / John \u2013 do we need to pull in Jeff to review this? What is the status so we aren\u2019t all working on this?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#002060"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#002060">Thank you,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#002060"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI Semibold","sans-serif";color:black">Garrett Duffy</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#002060"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:black">Channel Sales Manager \u2013 Central/Midwest</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#002060"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="mailto:Garrett.Duffy@solaredge.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif"">Garrett.Duffy@solaredge.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#002060"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:black">T: +1-510-552-7326</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#002060"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black"> </span><a href="https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.solaredge.com%2F&data=02%7C01%7C%7C69b3c107c2574a4b637008d7da76ad0c%7C6ba9fc9127b149ff8f276a548ce0b535%7C1%7C0%7C637218077379016932&sdata=o1JwBGrge5jhVMvRwUDtq77ST6h%2Fi2ZcWljw%2B9m8tes%3D&reserved=0"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#002060;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="131" height="36" id="Picture_x0020_2" src="cid:image007.gif@01D7A647.57678590" alt="id:image001.gif@01D495F3.28951F00"></span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#002060"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#002060"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#002060"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif";color:#002060"> </span></p><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #e1e1e1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> William Miller <</span><a href="mailto:william@millersolar.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">william@millersolar.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">> <br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, September 9, 2021 10:05 AM<br><b>To:</b> August Goers <</span><a href="mailto:august@luminalt.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">august@luminalt.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">><br><b>Cc:</b> RE-wrenches <</span><a href="mailto:re-wrenches@lists.re-wrenches.org"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">re-wrenches@lists.re-wrenches.org</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">>; Greg Notley <</span><a href="mailto:greg@powercomengineering.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">greg@powercomengineering.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">>; Jonathan Smith <</span><a href="mailto:Jonathan.Smith@solaredge.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Jonathan.Smith@solaredge.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">>; Ryan Suchsland <</span><a href="mailto:Ryan.Suchsland@solaredge.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Ryan.Suchsland@solaredge.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">>; Garrett Duffy <</span><a href="mailto:Garrett.Duffy@solaredge.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Garrett.Duffy@solaredge.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">><br><b>Subject:</b> RE: [RE-wrenches] "Re-powering" Aging Utilty Scale PV systems</span></p></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">August:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">I am not worried about the inverter backfeeding. I only brought that up because there was a precedent set that in order to rule out an electronic assembly backfeeding, it had to be listed as such. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Here is what I am worried about: I am worried about the high voltage on the output of an optimizer crossing over the optimizer in a failure condition and energizing the input circuit of the optimizer. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">If I understand the design process correctly, manufacturing to high standards is not enough\u2014a listing with a recognized agency to that effect is also required.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Thanks again for thinking and writing about this. Your experience and expertise is valued.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">William</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Miller Solar</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">17395 Oak Road, Atascadero, CA 93422</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">805-438-5600</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://webdefence.global.blackspider.com/urlwrap/?q=AXicE2RkWPGcgUHuIgNDUU6loVGSXnFRmV5uYmZOcn5eSVF-jl5yfi6DoYWlh1OQaZqBmbGRsRGDe2JRUWpJiZ5LaVpapUNxfk5iUWpKeipYaUZJSYGVvn55eblebmZOTmoRWBokpc_AwDDnAgMDAGFdJb8&Z"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">www.millersolar.com</span></a></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">CA Lic. 773985</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> August Goers [mailto:</span><a href="mailto:august@luminalt.com"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">august@luminalt.com</span></a><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">] <br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, September 9, 2021 9:34 AM<br><b>To:</b> William Miller<br><b>Cc:</b> RE-wrenches; Greg Notley; </span><a href="mailto:jonathan.smith@solaredge.com"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">jonathan.smith@solaredge.com</span></a><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">; </span><a href="mailto:ryan.s@solaredge.com"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">ryan.s@solaredge.com</span></a><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">; Garrett Duffy<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [RE-wrenches] "Re-powering" Aging Utilty Scale PV systems</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><div><p class="MsoNormal">Hi William - I think I'm picking up on a couple of separate issues here. First, the question is whether you can install a module rated for 600 VDC max on a 1000 VDC SolarEdge system. I realize that the article I linked to was talking about string combiners and currents, but the isolation between the module side and output side of the optimizer was the point. The max input voltage on the optimizers is less than 100 VDC, so it would seem safe to connect a module rated at 600 VDC. Keep in mind that this is just the maximum system voltage, not the Voc, Vmp, etc. Still, I would want to verify this with SolarEdge prior to proceeding with system design.</p><div><p class="MsoNormal"> </p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal">Your second issue related to whether the inverter will backfeed in a fault condition is addressed in that article. I haven't done my homework to know whether the inverter listings test for this particular fault situation. I know that most string inverters (or maybe all?) that we've designed with over the last 15 years say that they don't contribute reverse fault current, so we don't count that current in our calculations for fusing. So getting back to your question - what happens if the optimizers fail, will modules be destroyed too? I'm sure SolarEdge's design team hopes the answer is no. Depending on how they fail, who knows? Let's hope they are designed and manufactured to the highest standards. </p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"> </p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal">August</p></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p> </p></div></div></div></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"> </p></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><div><div><p class="MsoNormal">On Wed, Sep 8, 2021 at 11:11 PM William Miller <<a href="mailto:william@millersolar.com">william@millersolar.com</a>> wrote:</p></div><blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #cccccc 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt"><div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">August:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">I realized I made a poor choice of words in one place below. When I wrote \u201cfused components\u201d I met melted together in a heat failure, not protected by an overcurrent fuse.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Wm</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">August:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Thank you for the thoughtful reply. I have come to know I can count on you for that.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">The article you site is interesting, but I do not think it applies. The article is about current in strings, not voltages. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">This interpretation of considering string currents was first introduced to me by John Berdner (remember him?) in this </span><a href="http://webdefence.global.blackspider.com/urlwrap/?q=AXicHYrdCcIwEIDPEVzAERKboqhPIoK--FIHkJhetHAx5S4RuosDOI5O4RrSPH4_0wm8fwCzLwDTUJmrEn6qYDty8ZE4knIxQLVaH3fNws-XtakNHCwzpqT22fthK5EsY3vDst5T6mWjdeiIkEsbvT4VPo-sG5SY2aHoTBefBUX1rQeA1wfgD-FuMew&Z" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">article</span></a><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">. The John Berdner white paper is essentially the same information as in the Solar Edge article you cited and is essential information.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">What is most interesting to me in John\u2019s article is 690.9(A) FPN. It points out that one cannot ignore the possibility of backfeed from inverters. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">I have on occasion, when using this 690.9(A) exception to avoid combiner fuses, been required by plan checkers to provide documentation from an inverter manufacturer that the inverter proposed was UL certified to not be capable of providing backfeed current. This is in spite of any intuition that one might solidly hold that inverters can\u2019t backfeed DC current. It\u2019s not true just because it seems impossible, or even if the manufacturer says so, it\u2019s only true if a listing agency says it is true.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">The question I am asking applies to voltage isolation: If I have 850 volts on the output of an optimizer and the optimizer fries, is there any possibility that fused components could connect the 850 volts to the input of the combiner? Most importantly, does a listing agency say it is not possible? If it is not certified, then using optimizers is not a design option.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Three persons from Solar Edge have told me the isolation is infallible. I\u2019m not trying to be difficult, but I really think this assertion has to confirmed by a listing agency. I have not seen that yet.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Solar Edge has been quick to reply to my voicemails and has expressed a real interest in this project, much to their credit. I will press this point to them and I will post to this forum what I learn.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">By the way, I am sure you have not forgotten a recent flurry of posts on this site recently about rapid shut down device(s) frying in use. Optimizers are similar devices in the same demanding environment and exposed to high voltages as well. Equipment failure is always a possibility.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Thanks again to those many participants who have replied to my question. I am much smarter because of my wrench forum friends.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">William Miller</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Miller Solar</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">17395 Oak Road, Atascadero, CA 93422</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">805-438-5600</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="http://webdefence.global.blackspider.com/urlwrap/?q=AXicE2RkWPGcgUHuIgNDUU6loVGSXnFRmV5uYmZOcn5eSVF-jl5yfi6DoYWlh1OQaZqBmbGRsRGDe2JRUWpJiZ5LaVpapUNxfk5iUWpKeipYaUZJSYGVvn55eblebmZOTmoRWBokpc_AwDDnAgMDAGFdJb8&Z" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">www.millersolar.com</span></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">CA Lic. 773985</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> August Goers [mailto:</span><a href="mailto:august@luminalt.com" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">august@luminalt.com</span></a><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">] <br><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, September 8, 2021 4:44 PM<br><b>To:</b> William Miller; RE-wrenches<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [RE-wrenches] "Re-powering" Aging Utilty Scale PV systems</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> </p><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Hi William - You raise a great question - can you install 600 VDC modules on a 1000 VDC SolarEdge system? Of course the DC optimizer output circuit would need to be rewired with 1000 VDC wiring and connectors, but I think the answer is "yes." According to <a href="https://www.solaredge.com/sites/default/files/application_notes_string_combiners_na.pdf" target="_blank">this article</a>, "In a SolarEdge system, the PV modules are isolated from the DC output circuit by the power optimizer." To me, it sounds like there is no risk of going over the max optimizer input voltage. I would want to verify this with SolarEdge prior to designing any systems, but it seems like a good idea to explore!</p><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> </p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">I was recently on another group chat, and someone mentioned being in a similar predicament to you. They want to upgrade an old central inverter. Anyway, they had found that the SMA CORE1 33 kW unit at least can be strung up to work with 600 VDC modules and wiring: <a href="http://webdefence.global.blackspider.com/urlwrap/?q=AXicRc5NDgExGIDhzxFcwA3mm2k705lKhPgJO4K9lLZIOlNpi7iLAzgOp3ANYmP75lm87RY83gCdF4C3N0K3GPwFa3m0O9dE7yzuXA2kErPhsjAZZ5RRmErvdYw4PhtzGwRnpddqr3_0EOMpdNPUHK0OGGqJSqfKXRvrpArpar0YzZcTkoxXiW4SWuFJmf5mL3sUWVYKQWmBJSlzLpjgSDgjJM9ZVSbfh7ziBef0XxkA3J8AHzTCOXU&Z" target="_blank">https://files.sma.de/downloads/STPCORE1-DS-en-28.pdf?_ga=2.30799225.717469396.1631144387-1894865662.1631144383</a></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">I'm sure you'd have to redo a lot of the conduit and wire to accommodate several smaller inverters, but this might be worth exploring as well.</p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> </p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">August</p></div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Luminalt</p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> </p></div></div></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> </p><div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">On Wed, Sep 8, 2021 at 4:13 PM William Miller <<a href="mailto:william@millersolar.com" target="_blank">william@millersolar.com</a>> wrote:</p></div><blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #cccccc 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt"><div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Friends:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">I learned a new buzzword recently: \u201cRe-powering.\u201d It means replacing inverters on an existing PV system of ten or more years old. Due to the high number of systems of this vintage it appears that re-powering has become somewhat of a sub-industry. The big problem is these systems are all 600 Volt limited PV panels, combiners and re-combiners and there are no 600 volt utility grade inverters being manufactured.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">I am working on a </span><a href="http://webdefence.global.blackspider.com/urlwrap/?q=AXicZYpRDgExFEWfJdiAJbSmE4IvQcKPRLCBqtY0Xj15fSSzFwuwHFZhGzLzJfF3zzm324HnB6D3BmCsC3NQme8q2YiOLsKEylGCYjRezbaD0B-WpjSwtMxeRC1uIdTTTGjZH0--vVYi1zzROkVEz21rvF63vGtYb4glEEbSc0rJs4sWf-aerTt7_jeqkoQA8HgBfAHT5UDu&Z" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">utility scale system</span></a><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""> built about 14 years ago that fits the description above. There are two 250KVA Xantrex GT250 inverters and one has failed. The question of the moment is: Repair or replace?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Repair: If we fix these inverters, can we count on support in the future? We can negotiate a service contract with Schneider at a cost yet to be revealed. This requires we buy a spare parts kit for about $100K. There are a few other companies that claim to offer repair services on these inverters but none has followed through.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Replace: The PV plant is built with panels and BOS all limited to 600 VDC max. There are no more 600 volt input utility scale inverters being built, or at least none that I have found. If we install a 1000 or 1500 volt inverter we may have to replace the entire PV array and BOS. It may be possible to convert the output of the existing panels to a higher voltage with DC-DC converters. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Here are the options I see:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Optimizers: One purveyor of optimizers is Solar Edge. Solar Edge offers a 100 KVA inverter. This inverter requires DC input of 850 volts. The inverter requires optimizers to obtain this voltage. The question: Do the optimizers isolate the PV from the higher string voltages in the case of a catastrophic failure of one or more of the optimizers?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Repower with outboard DC-DC voltage converters, such as provided by Alencon Systems. Solectria has successfully done this. </span><a href="http://webdefence.global.blackspider.com/urlwrap/?q=AXicHYzLDcIwDEDNCCzABkloKxD0hBASnNkgFKeNlE9lm6LuwgCMA1OwBoXz-8xn8PwALN4AFMaivGimQUfrQ5OTUA66yRGKzfa0P6_ccl2VVQlHS4Qi-nBzbtxxDpbw2uJf7UR6ro2xAdO04JEFI_-QCWgp-dSaflBTT9l5YXX30ikhm9hlikgBmZVPA5IgsQGAxwvgC8UeOyM&Z" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Here</span></a><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""> is a paper on the subject.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">If anyone has dealt with this issue before I would sure appreciate any wisdom.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Here is a </span><a href="http://webdefence.global.blackspider.com/urlwrap/?q=AXicLYrbCcJAEEXHEmzADrKbB4r6JSLojyCxAFnjJFmYzYbZiZJeLMBytArbkAT_zjn3Tifw-gLMPgBMfZJeVeC7csZS4RthT6rwDpLl6rDN52W8yNIshb1hRhG168qy3wRPhvFW4XitRdqw1tpZIuRxG7o-jn4eXBcm4CVId7MYdBZHOUYn_0C2TaUZo_bPqhZHAPB8A_wAixU5nw&Z" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">link</span></a><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""> to a web-page I built for this project.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Thanks,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">William Miller</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Miller Solar</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">17395 Oak Road, Atascadero, CA 93422</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">805-438-5600</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="http://webdefence.global.blackspider.com/urlwrap/?q=AXicE2RkWPGcgUHuIgNDUU6loVGSXnFRmV5uYmZOcn5eSVF-jl5yfi6DoYWlh1OQaZqBmbGRsRGDe2JRUWpJiZ5LaVpapUNxfk5iUWpKeipYaUZJSYGVvn55eblebmZOTmoRWBokpc_AwDDnAgMDAGFdJb8&Z" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">www.millersolar.com</span></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">CA Lic. 773985</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> </p></div></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">_______________________________________________<br>List sponsored by Redwood Alliance<br><br>Pay optional member dues here: <a href="http://webdefence.global.blackspider.com/urlwrap/?q=AXicE2RkWPGcgUHuIgNDUU6loVGSXnFRmV5uYmZOcn5eSVF-jl5yfi6DoYWlh1OQaZqBmbGRsRGDe2JRUWpJiZ5LaVpapUNxfk5iUWpKeipYaUZJSYGVvn5Rqm55UWpeckZqsV5-UToDA8OcCwwMAJ4uI8M&Z" target="_blank">http://re-wrenches.org</a><br><br>List Address: <a href="mailto:RE-wrenches@lists.re-wrenches.org" target="_blank">RE-wrenches@lists.re-wrenches.org</a><br><br>Change listserver email address & settings:<br><a href="http://webdefence.global.blackspider.com/urlwrap/?q=AXicXcrRCcIwEADQAydwATfoxaYo2i8RQb_dIMYkDaS5cjmV7uIAjqNTuIbgl_j93nQCjzfA7AXAaaz1CQtfsTcxWcrClNBSD_VqfdgeF36-bHSjYW-YnQjuLt6Pm0LJsDsH962dyNAqlWKRguyqG7tsO1eQOCgaJFIuaENUP1b9PQC4PwE-43Q1Vg&Z" target="_blank">http://lists.re-wrenches.org/options.cgi/re-wrenches-re-wrenches.org</a><br><br>There are two list archives for searching. 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