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    However, in this case, Peter's installing lots of 120 vac branch
    circuits, so all of those neutrals will be carrying full current
    (unless they are shared neutral circuits).  Mike Holt's exception
    would apply to 240vac circuits if they had a neutral.  Further,
    Holt's exception would not be applicable on any off grid system that
    was 120 vac only.<br>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">R.Ray Walters
CTO, Solarray, Inc
Nabcep Certified PV Installer, 
Licensed Master Electrician
Solar Design Engineer
303 505-8760</pre>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 4/24/2016 12:58 AM, James Rudolph
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAA4FQ5qwco3S8H47tEQ-Eue=qBE=tO3hTKphxL2QSxHLQ20N4w@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">Straight from Mike Holt:
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p style="margin:1em
            0px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.48em;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Georgia,Times,'Times
            New Roman',serif"><b>Neutral Conductor</b></p>
          <p style="margin:1em
            0px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.48em;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Georgia,Times,'Times
            New Roman',serif">The neutral conductor of a 3-wire
            single-phase 120/240V system, or 4-wire 3-phase 120/208V or
            277/408V wye-connected system isn’t considered a
            current-carrying conductor.</p>
          <p style="margin:1em
            0px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.48em;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Georgia,Times,'Times
            New Roman',serif">The neutral conductor of a 3-wire circuit
            from a 4-wire 3-phase 120/208V or 277V/480V wye-connected
            system is considered a current-carrying conductor.</p>
          <p style="margin:1em
            0px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.48em;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Georgia,Times,'Times
            New Roman',serif">When a 3-wire circuit is supplied from a
            4-wire 3-[phase wye-connected system, the neutral conductor
            carries approximately the same current as the ungrounded
            conductors.</p>
          <p style="margin:1em
            0px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.48em;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Georgia,Times,'Times
            New Roman',serif">The neutral conductor of a 4-wire 3-phase
            circuit is considered a current-carrying conductor where the
            major portion of the neutral load consists of nonlinear
            loads. This is because harmonic currents will be present in
            the neutral conductor, even if the loads on each of the 3
            phases are balanced.</p>
          <p style="margin:1em
            0px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.48em;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Georgia,Times,'Times
            New Roman',serif">Nonlinear loads supplied by 4-wire 3-phase
            120/208V or 277/480V wye-connected systems can produce
            unwanted and potentially hazardous triplen harmonic currents
            (3rd, 9th, 15th, etc.) that can add on the neutral
            conductor. To prevent fire or equipment damage from
            excessive harmonic neutral current, the designer should
            consider increasing the size of the neutral conductor or
            installing a separate neutral for each phase.  see 210.4(A)
            FPN, 220.61 FPN 2, and 450.3 FPN 2.</p>
          <p style="margin:1em
            0px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.48em;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Georgia,Times,'Times
            New Roman',serif">Grounding (earthing) and bonding
            conductors aren’t considered current carrying.</p>
          <p style="margin:1em
            0px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.48em;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Georgia,Times,'Times
            New Roman',serif">For individual dwelling units or
            one-family, two-family, and multifamily dwellings, Table
            310.15(B)(6) can be used to size 3-wire single-phase
            120/240V service or feeder conductors (including neutral
            conductors) that serve as the main power feeder. Feeder
            conductors are not required to have an ampacity rating
            greater than the service conductors [215.2(A)(3)].</p>
          <p style="margin:1em
            0px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.48em;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Georgia,Times,'Times
            New Roman',serif">Warning: Table 310.15(B)(6) doesn’t apply
            to 3-wire single-phase 120/208V systems, because the
            grounded neutral conductor in these systems carries neutral
            current even when the load on the phases is balanced
            [310.15(B)(4)(6)]. For more information on this topic, see
            220.61(C)(1).</p>
          <p style="margin:1em
            0px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.48em;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Georgia,Times,'Times
            New Roman',serif"><i>Grounded Neutral Conductor Sizing.</i> Table
            310.15(B)(6) can be used to size the grounded neutral
            conductor of a 3-wire single-phase 120/240V service or
            feeder that serves as the main power feeder, based on the
            feeder calculated load in accordance with 220.61.</p>
          <p style="margin:1em
            0px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.48em;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Georgia,Times,'Times
            New Roman',serif">Because the grounded neutral service
            conductor is required to serve as the effective ground-fault
            current path, it must be sized so that it can safely carry
            the maximum fault current likely to be imposed on it [110.10
            and 250.4(A)(5)]. This is accomplished by sizing the
            grounded neutral conductor in accordance with Table 250.66,
            based on the total area of the largest ungrounded conductor
            [250.24(C)(1)].</p>
          <p style="margin:1em
            0px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.48em;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Georgia,Times,'Times
            New Roman',serif">aloha and happy trails...</p>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
        <div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Apr 21, 2016 at 10:28 AM, Peter
          Parrish <span dir="ltr"><<a moz-do-not-send="true"
              href="mailto:peter.parrish@calsolareng.com"
              target="_blank">peter.parrish@calsolareng.com</a>></span>
          wrote:<br>
          <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
            .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
            <div bgcolor="white" link="blue" vlink="purple" lang="EN-US">
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">William,</span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">I
                    agree about the subpanel in the house situation. The
                    customer is a bit eccentric, and I have tried to
                    bring him around. And I have explained to him that
                    his approach will be more expensive. He doesn’t
                    care. In the end, there is no safety risk. So I’ll
                    plan for 4 branch circuits per conduit and take the
                    0.70 derating.</span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">-
                    Peter  </span></p>
                <span class="">
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Peter
                        T. Parrish, Ph.D.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">President,
                        SolarGnosis</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">1107
                        Fair Oaks Ave.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Suite
                        351</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">South
                        Pasadena, CA 91030</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><a
                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                          href="tel:%28323%29%20839-6108"
                          value="+13238396108" target="_blank">(323)
                          839-6108</a></span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><a
                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                          href="mailto:petertor@pobox.com"
                          target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:petertor@pobox.com">petertor@pobox.com</a></a></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"></span></p>
                  </div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                </span>
                <div>
                  <div style="border:none;border-top:solid #b5c4df
                    1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext">
                        RE-wrenches [mailto:<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                          href="mailto:re-wrenches-bounces@lists.re-wrenches.org"
                          target="_blank">re-wrenches-bounces@lists.re-wrenches.org</a>]
                        <b>On Behalf Of </b>William Miller<br>
                        <b>Sent:</b> Thursday, April 21, 2016 10:25 AM<br>
                        <b>To:</b> RE-wrenches<br>
                        <b>Subject:</b> Re: [RE-wrenches] Does a Neutral
                        Count as a CCC</span></p>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <div class="h5">
                    <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Peter:</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> </span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">I
                        think it is a mistake to not locate a sub-panel
                        in the house.  Running branch circuits 45 feet
                        to a separate building is not efficient or
                        practical.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> </span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Voltage
                        drop:  1% VD is a choice, not a requirement. 
                        Code requires 3% on feeders and 5% cumulative on
                        AC branch circuits.   I like to use 1% for
                        average voltage drop for PV because of the cost
                        of wasted PV energy.  I am more lax on AC
                        circuits.  If I calculate a PV feeder for 1%,
                        that drop will occur only occasionally, when
                        peak solar is achieved.  Analyze your load or
                        charging profiles and look for a calc that
                        provides the chosen VD for average use. 
                        Analyzing PV energy curves over a given day,
                        approximately 50% of the energy is under the
                        bell curve.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> </span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Neutrals
                        are current carrying.  Try powering a 120VAC
                        load without one and you will see what I mean.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> </span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">William
                        Miller</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> </span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> </span></p>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><img
src="cid:part5.09070705.06090706@solarray.com" alt="Gradient Cap_mini"
                            height="28" width="64"><br>
                          Lic 773985<br>
                          <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                            href="http://www.millersolar.com/"
                            target="_blank">millersolar.com</a><br>
                          <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                            href="tel:805-438-5600" value="+18054385600"
                            target="_blank">805-438-5600</a></span></p>
                    </div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> </span></p>
                    <div>
                      <div style="border:none;border-top:solid #b5c4df
                        1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext">
                            RE-wrenches [mailto:<a
                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                              href="mailto:re-wrenches-bounces@lists.re-wrenches.org"
                              target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:re-wrenches-bounces@lists.re-wrenches.org">re-wrenches-bounces@lists.re-wrenches.org</a></a>]
                            <b>On Behalf Of </b>Peter Parrish<br>
                            <b>Sent:</b> Thursday, April 21, 2016 8:57
                            AM<br>
                            <b>To:</b> 'RE-wrenches'<br>
                            <b>Subject:</b> [RE-wrenches] Does a Netral
                            COunt as a CCC</span></p>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">I
                        am working with a customer who is doing a
                        complete remodel and addition to his house:
                        stripped to the open studs and floor joists, and
                        rafters. Not a wire in the house. We have
                        designed a 14.4 kWp PV system with 16 kW of
                        storage for backup and load shifting. The main
                        panel, inverters, critical load subpanel and
                        batteries are all going to be in the garage
                        which is about 45 feet from the house. The
                        customer and I have identified the critical
                        loads.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">The
                        GC is running conduit from the main house to the
                        garage. I have been given seven (7) 1-1/2” PVC
                        conduits, and I am currently doing conduit fill,
                        ampacity and voltage drop calculations for the
                        branch circuits that represent the critical
                        loads.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">So
                        I have two questions:</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                    <p><span>(1)<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New
                          Roman"">   </span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Should
                        I stick to a <1% voltage drop on all
                        circuits?</span></p>
                    <p><span>(2)<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New
                          Roman"">   </span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Do
                        120 V neutrals count as current carrying
                        conductors? I think they do, but the electrician
                        stated quite emphatically that  they didn’t. I
                        thought that the derating calcs for CCCs were
                        based solely on ohmic losses and phasing was not
                        taken into account.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Does
                        the NEC provide guidance on this latter
                        situation?</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                    <p><span
                        style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><span>-<span
                            style="font:7.0pt "Times New
                            Roman"">          </span></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Peter
                        Parrish</span></p>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Peter
                          T. Parrish, Ph.D.</span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">President,
                          SolarGnosis</span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">1107
                          Fair Oaks Ave.</span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Suite
                          351</span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">South
                          Pasadena, CA 91030</span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><a
                            moz-do-not-send="true"
                            href="tel:%28323%29%20839-6108"
                            value="+13238396108" target="_blank">(323)
                            839-6108</a></span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><a
                            moz-do-not-send="true"
                            href="mailto:petertor@pobox.com"
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        -- <br>
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          <div dir="ltr"><b><br>
              James B. Rudolph</b>
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              <div><b>Director of Construction</b></div>
              <div><b>NABCEP Certified PV Installer # 091209-155<br>
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      <pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
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