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    <font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Nathan, 690.12 only
      applies to "PV system circuits installed on or in buildings" so
      that might be your answer. You'd only be affected by 690.12 if
      you're running to an interior inverter. So- your strategy of
      exterior conduit to wall-mounted inverters on the exterior of a
      building won't be subjected to the 690.12 requirement.<br>
      <br>
    </font>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 2014/4/15, 11:09, Nathan Charles
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CANdZe6LPVk4FVZjt3qEtGSpX87fE7cy7Est23MSB9Kqoe0Joyw@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">Hi All,
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>I have a follow up to this discussion.  What's the proper
          way to think through this regarding ground mounts?  It seems
          to me that if the goal is to protect firefighters then running
          a conduit underground and coming up to outdoor wall mounted
          inverters is keeping in the spirit of things, but I'm not sure
          if the language of 690.12 supports this.  Am I mistaken?  Do
          you have any best practice advice for this scenario?</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Best regards,</div>
        <div>-N</div>
      </div>
      <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
        <br>
        <div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Jan 21, 2014 at 12:36 PM, Drake
          <span dir="ltr"><<a moz-do-not-send="true"
              href="mailto:drake.chamberlin@redwoodalliance.org"
              target="_blank">drake.chamberlin@redwoodalliance.org</a>></span>
          wrote:<br>
          <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
            .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
            <div>
              <br>
              Bill,<br>
               <br>
              It is good to see that energized conductors are going to
              be disconnected
              near the arrays. I've been an advocate of disconnecting
              these conductors
              by ground fault sensing equipment since ground fault
              detection was first
              implemented in the code. If contactors are to be installed
              on roofs, it
              likely won't be long before both ground faults and arc
              faults are
              automatically cleared. <br>
               <br>
              When the requirement for AC arc fault branch circuit
              protection was first
              put in the NEC, it was postdated to allow time for the
              electrical
              industry to adapt. This new remote disconnecting
              requirement does not
              provide any lead time.  <br>
               <br>
              As the 2014 NEC is adopted in various jurisdictions,
              inspectors may feel
              that it is necessary to disallow systems without the newly
              required
              disconnect feature. This may result in serious problems
              for solar
              companies and customers, as well as manufacturers. <br>
               <br>
              The protection of firefighters is essential. The
              implementation of
              renewables is essential also. Insurance claims for weather
              related,
              global warming-triggered climatic disasters are rising
              exponentially.
              Extreme weather related events result in major loss of
              life and billions
              of dollars in property damage. Atmospheric CO2 levels
              continue to climb
              from the burning of fossil fuels. This is a crisis of
              global proportions.
              <br>
               <br>
              My request for code writers is to please take into account
              the effect
              that inserting new rules into the NEC may have on the
              stability of
              renewable energy, and implement new requirements in a way
              that will allow
              for a smooth interface.<br>
               <br>
              Thank you, <br>
               <br>
              Drake <br>
              <br>
              <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                name="143b5dffb7433f19__MailAutoSig"></a>Drake
              Chamberlin<br>
              <i>Athens Electric LLC<br>
                OH License 44810<br>
                CO License 3773<br>
                NABCEP Certified Solar PV <br>
                <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="tel:740-448-7328"
                  value="+17404487328" target="_blank">740-448-7328</a><br>
              </i><a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="http://athens-electric.com/" target="_blank">http://athens-electric.com/<br>
                <br>
                <br>
              </a>At 12:45 PM 1/16/2014, you wrote:<br>
              <blockquote type="cite">Content-Type:
                multipart/alternative;<br>
                        
                boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0F94_01CF129F.BCC65BD0"<br>
                Content-Language: en-us
                <div>
                  <div class="h5"><br>
                    <br>
                    Jeffrey,<br>
                     <br>
                    Sounds like you need to get involved in the code
                    making process since you
                    have so many good ideas on how to improve the
                    language. I like
                    confrontational discussions as long as they lead to
                    a better
                    understanding and constructive outcomes.<br>
                     <br>
                    About 30 people worked on this language, so it is
                    definitely not perfect.
                    However, I don’t think it is quite as bad as you
                    make it out to be. I
                    wanted to jump in since some of your conclusions
                    were not correct.<br>
                     <br>
                    This is a circuit requirement, not a disconnecting
                    means requirement,
                    since it has to do with shock hazard of PV circuits
                    in and around a
                    building. This is for firefighter safety. 30V is the
                    international
                    standard for touch safe in a wet location. 240VA is
                    to set a limit on the
                    available power on a circuit. Contactor combiners,
                    which would be part of
                    a compliant solution, have 24V control circuits. The
                    other reasoning for
                    240VA is that internally, 72-Cell PV modules can be
                    divided into segments
                    of this power level for the foreseeable future (more
                    on that another
                    day).<br>
                     <br>
                    If the conductors stay outside, you have 10’ from
                    the array to place your
                    shutdown device. On large central systems, this
                    would likely be a
                    contactor combiner­most manufacturers sell these. If
                    the conductors are
                    going immediately into the building, as with
                    residential and integrated
                    systems, a shutdown device would have to be within
                    5’ of entering the
                    building. If goes outside for a while, then inside
                    the building, the
                    total length could be no more than 10’ and no more
                    than 5’ inside the
                    building­this is not additive. Remember, all this is
                    for firefighter
                    safety.<br>
                     <br>
                    As Brian Mehalic and others have pointed out, the
                    language does not
                    specify where the shutdown initiating device is to
                    be located. The lack
                    of detail is more for flexibility than it is to give
                    an AHJ license to
                    make an installer do anything they want. <br>
                     <br>
                    With grid-tie only systems (no battery backup), it
                    would be most
                    convenient and cost effective to have a system that
                    initiates the
                    shutdown on loss of utility. In this way, a
                    firefighter can do what they
                    normally do, shut down utility power to the
                    building, and the rapid
                    shutdown would automatically initiate. This does not
                    necessitate an
                    additional disconnecting means for a load-side PV
                    connection. The main
                    breaker could be the initiating device. For a
                    supply-side connection, the
                    NEC already requires that the PV disconnect switch
                    be located adjacent to
                    the service disconnecting means (article 230).<br>
                     <br>
                    The biggest issue with string inverters (central
                    inverters) is that there
                    is a need to shutdown the capacitor input side of
                    the inverter since that
                    stays energized for 5 minutes or more. The 10
                    seconds was to provide a
                    means to rapidly discharge the capacitors rather
                    than requiring a relay
                    or tripping device. Doing something other than a
                    relay will require a
                    test laboratory to evaluate the function­guess
                    what?­we don’t have a
                    standard yet to evaluate those products. Sounds like
                    you might want to
                    work on that committee.<br>
                     <br>
                    It is more complicated for battery backup systems.
                    Midnite Solar’s
                    birdhouse products are the best I have seen so far
                    to address this
                    concern. Since dc and ac circuits are not
                    differentiated, battery backup
                    systems need to have a shutdown process that works
                    independently of a
                    utility outage for obvious reasons, and it must
                    shutdown both the dc
                    circuits and the backup ac circuits. A separate
                    switch, like the
                    birdhouse, would be necessary that only controls
                    these functions in an
                    emergency situation.<br>
                     <br>
                    Is the language not detailed­possibly. This was done
                    to provide
                    flexibility rather than create problems. Fire
                    departments have been
                    requiring rooftop disconnects for years in
                    California. These disconnects
                    are nearly worthless from a shock prevention point
                    of view since
                    capacitors in the inverter stay charged or there are
                    multiple
                    disconnecting means feeding each other. We have been
                    trying to hold the
                    fire community off of rooftop disconnect
                    requirements so we could work on
                    a solution that actually does what they want it to
                    do. There is a long
                    discussion on this in the appendix of my
                    “Understanding the CalFire
                    Guidelines” document on the SolarABCs website.<br>
                     <br>
                    The 2014 NEC language was a compromise worked out
                    with the solar industry
                    (yes string inverter companies as well) in response
                    to the first version
                    of the proposal which was to require module-level
                    shutdown. This is not
                    module-level shutdown, it is PV output circuit
                    shutdown (combiner box
                    shutdown is another way to look at it). However, the
                    2017 NEC cycle is
                    this year and there was a lot of talk about
                    requiring module-level
                    shutdown this time around. <br>
                     <br>
                    I hope this helps. I will be writing articles for
                    IAEI journal and other
                    periodicals on this subject since it was a very
                    far-reaching and
                    potentially confusing new requirement in the NEC.
                    Thanks for your
                    interest and let’s keep the constructive dialogue
                    going on the subject.
                    It is time to get involved in the NEC update process
                    again.<br>
                     <br>
                    Bill Brooks.<br>
                     <br>
                    <b>From:</b> <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                      href="mailto:re-wrenches-bounces@lists.re-wrenches.org"
                      target="_blank">re-wrenches-bounces@lists.re-wrenches.org</a>
                    [<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                      href="mailto:re-wrenches-bounces@lists.re-wrenches.org"
                      target="_blank">
                      mailto:re-wrenches-bounces@lists.re-wrenches.org</a>]
                    <b>On Behalf Of
                    </b>Jeffrey Quackenbush<br>
                    <b>Sent:</b> Thursday, January 16, 2014 1:09 AM<br>
                    <b>To:</b> RE-wrenches<br>
                    <b>Subject:</b> Re: [RE-wrenches] NEC 2014 690.12
                    Rapid Shutdown<br>
                     <br>
                    Wrenches,<br>
                     <br>
                    There is no guidance in the Code text for where the
                    shutdown should take
                    place. (1) says: "Requirements for controlled
                    conductors shall apply
                    only to PV system conductors of more than 1.5m (5')
                    in length inside a
                    building, or more than 3m (10') from a PV array."<br>
                    <br>
                    <br>
                    So, the provisions <i>apply if</i> the circuit 10'
                    from the array and 5'
                    inside a building, but no mention is made of where
                    the shutdown actually
                    needs take place in the circuit. In the video Bill
                    Brooks suggests that
                    the shutdown mechanism should also be placed within
                    this 10'/5' boundary
                    but that is just an inference -- nowhere in the text
                    is this actually
                    specified. If that was the intent of the Code
                    committee, then they've
                    done a poor job actually expressing it in English.<br>
                     <br>
                    I'm concerned that some AHJs will interpret this to
                    exclude all central
                    inverter systems (without the addition of
                    cost-inducing secondary DC-DC
                    converters like Tigo) because the combiner or
                    junction box can be many
                    feet from the actual beginning of a home run under
                    the array.
                    Alternately, permissive AHJs could allow this
                    function to be fulfilled
                    anywhere, meaning that the implementation won't meet
                    the intent of the
                    writers.<br>
                     <br>
                    I'm also concerned, as Isaac mentioned, that there
                    are no requirements
                    for how the shutdown be initiated, or that it
                    contains of the
                    accessibility and grouping requirements that are
                    always included for
                    disconnects. I really think this should be treated
                    and categorized as a
                    disconnect requirement, not a circuit requirement,
                    because that is the
                    ultimate function that's intended. <br>
                     <br>
                    I'm surprised none of the inverter manufacturers
                    have chosen to comment
                    here, as this could dramatically impact the sales of
                    central
                    inverters.<br>
                     <br>
                    Jeffrey Quackenbush<br>
                     <br>
                    <br>
                    <br>
                    <hr>
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        <div dir="ltr">Nathan Charles
          <div>Engineer<br>
            <div>NABCEP Certified PV Installation Professional
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