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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">I believe the cable tray will still be
      an excellent conductor, as long as the jumper connections are
      tight.  If you look at the cross sectional area of it, its
      probably the equivalent of some fairly burly cable.  Also the
      jumpers are just part of the connection,  If you removed a jumper,
      there is still quite a bit of contact surface.  (I'm not
      recommending that though)  but you really have  parallel
      connections at each joint.<br>
      The high ground impedance measurements are par for the course for
      my measurements over the years.  A 5/8" ground rod in loose (land
      fill...) soil is going to be about that.  It might be possible to
      compact around the rods to improve that, and/ or add some mineral
      rich soil amendments around the rods to improve the impedance as
      well.<br>
      (an old phone tech that worked for me used to cure ground problems
      all the time by drinking lots of coffee, and then ahem, moisten
      the soil with mineral rich fluid, ahem.)<br>
      While it is a bit unnerving to measure ground impedances that
      high, the overall grounding system has low impedance.  Also,
      consider that the ballast trays will offer some conductivity to
      ground as well.  Any way to measure some of the ballasts' ground
      impedance?<br>
      If you did add continuous conductors, just make sure that they are
      connected in a radiating star pattern; don't create inductive
      loops, or you really will have some voltage differential across
      the grounding system in a lightning strike.<br>
      <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">R.Ray Walters
CTO, Solarray, Inc
Nabcep Certified PV Installer, 
Licensed Master Electrician
Solar Design Engineer
303 505-8760</pre>
      On 1/14/2014 8:24 AM, Andrew Truitt wrote:<br>
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cite="mid:CAKTVxmt-+isv+TidgHB0fAFaWBAt=g=aiq94UY1vgx3qAsfXdw@mail.gmail.com"
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      <div dir="ltr">Wrenches - What do you consider to be a safe ground
        impedance for a PV array equipment grounding conductor?  NEC2011
        250.53(A) says that if the impedance between the grounding <i>electrode</i> and
        earth is less than 25 ohms then no supplementary grounding
        electrode is needed, but I'm not clear on what that means for
        the ground impedance measurement within the array.  For example,
        I am inspecting a ballasted landfill system (i.e. no penetrating
        the earth allowed - just a UFER at the equipment pad) where the
        ground impedance at the GEC is very low (<1 Ohm), but the
        array EGCs are showing ground impedances of between 500 and 1000
        Ohms.  The EGCs (#4) are connected to Cope cable trays, which
        are in turn connected to the inverter grounding bar via #4
        bonding jumpers.  The cable tray is grounded per manufacturer
        specs (large bonding jumpers at each joint), but the runs can be
        quite long (300'+) with many connections, though nothing appears
        to be loose.  I intend to recommend that continuous conductors
        be installed to reduce array ground impedance, but any input on
        the issue would be very much appreciated.
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                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                  style="color:rgb(56,118,29)">For a
                                  brighter energy future,<br>
                                  <br>
                                  <br>
                                  Andrew Truitt <br>
                                </span></p>
                            </div>
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                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                  style="color:rgb(56,118,29)">Principal<br>
                                  Truitt Renewable Energy </span><span
                                  style="color:rgb(56,118,29)">Consulting,
                                  LLC</span></p>
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                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                  style="color:rgb(56,118,29)"><a
                                    moz-do-not-send="true"
                                    href="tel:%28202%29%20486-7507"
                                    value="+12024867507" target="_blank">(202)
                                    486-7507</a></span></p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><a
                                  moz-do-not-send="true"
                                  href="http://www.linkedin.com/pub/andrew-truitt/8/622/713"
                                  target="_blank">LinkedIn Profile</a></p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><a
                                  moz-do-not-send="true"
                                  href="http://truittreconsulting.weebly.com/"
                                  target="_blank">Company Website<span><span></span></span></a></p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                  style="color:rgb(56,118,29)"><span>NABCEP</span>
                                  Certified PV Installation Professional
                                  ID: 032407-66</span></p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                  style="color:rgb(56,118,29)">Colorado
                                  Journeyman Electrician License No.:
                                  600132</span><br>
                              </p>
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                              width="200"></span><br>
                          <span style="color:rgb(20,125,186)"><br>
                          </span>"Don't get me wrong: I love nuclear
                          energy! It's just that I prefer fusion to
                          fission. And it just so happens that there's
                          an enormous fusion reactor safely banked a few
                          million miles from us. It delivers more than
                          we could ever use in just about 8 minutes. And
                          it's wireless!"<br>
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                          ~William McDonough</p>
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