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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">I question one part of this conclusion,
      but have not set up any tests. The only part I question is "the
      string with the highest current AND voltage dictates where the
      inverter MPP locks". Rather, it seems to me that the voltage at
      which the combined current of all strings is greatest dictates
      where the inverter locks. <br>
      <br>
      A string whose string VMP is higher than the aggregate point will
      be pulled to a lower voltage (raising the current of that string
      slightly). A string whose string VMP is lower than the aggregate
      point will be pulled up to a higher voltage - but as current drops
      off sharply above MPP, very soon that string's current will drop
      off substantially. Whether the dropoff affects the combined VMP
      depends on the relationship of that string to the whole,
      especially to the number of parallel strings in the array. That
      is, the effects of a difference will have a different effect
      whether there are two strings or ten. If there are, say, two
      strings, the combined VMP will drop to just slightly above the VMP
      of the lower-voltage string, as that's where the combined current
      of both strings is greatest. If there are ten strings and one has
      a lower VMP than the others (such as a string with one failed
      module in a large array), the combined VMP of the other nine
      strings will determine the VMP of the array, and the string with
      the low VMP will be pulled up past its string VMP and its current
      will drop substantially - how much depends on how far it's pulled
      above its VMP. <br>
      <br>
      Could someone please explain to me what I just wrote? ;^)  And
      could someone please tell me if I'm wrong, and why?<br>
      <br>
      I think these principles would apply in Kirk's case. I suspect the
      combination would work, as Dave suggests. But certainly, the
      bastard-stepchild 5.5 Imp module in string three would put out at
      most about 4.0 A (3.9 plus a smidge), and the lower voltage of
      that string might pull it above Vmp and consequently lower the
      entire string's output. I second Ray's encouragement to add the
      frame-damaged Sanyo, as all four strings then match pretty
      closely.<br>
      <br>
      My hunch is that it will work for an unmentioned reason - that
      degradation on the Sanyos will result in less voltage imbalance. <br>
      Back to work...<br>
      Allan<br>
      <br>
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        <font face="Times New Roman, Times, serif"><b>Allan Sindelar</b></font><br>
        <small><a href="mailto:Allan@positiveenergysolar.com"><font
              face="Times New Roman, Times, serif" color="#000099"><u>Allan@positiveenergysolar.com</u></font></a></small><font
          face="Times New Roman, Times, serif"><br>
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            Installer<br>
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            <b>505 424-1112</b><br>
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              target="_blank"><u>www.positiveenergysolar.com</u></a><o:p></o:p></span></font>
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        </span> </div>
      On 4/29/2013 1:21 PM, Larry Crutcher, Starlight Solar Power
      Systems wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
      cite="mid:4A22530C-6BC2-4AE4-AD80-4B126D54270D@starlightsolar.com"
      type="cite">
      <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
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      So the string with the highest current AND voltage dictates where
      the inverter MPP locks. Other strings are "pulled" up past their
      MPP which means lower current from them. Makes sense.
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>I was only considering constant current under a load equal to
        the potential. In that case a module is constant current. The
        chart was helpful to rethink what happens with mis-matched
        strings. Thanks!<br>
        <div apple-content-edited="true"><br>
          Larry Crutcher<br>
          <div><br>
            PS: I believe you!<br>
            <br>
            <br>
            <br>
          </div>
        </div>
        <br>
        <div>
          <div>On Apr 29, 2013, at 10:40 AM, Ray Walters <<a
              moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:ray@solarray.com">ray@solarray.com</a>>
            wrote:</div>
          <br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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            <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Modules aren't exactly constant
              current devices. <span><I-V_curve.gif></span><br>
              They are for much of their voltage range, up to a voltage
              a bit below the MPP, and then the current starts tapering
              down to 0 at Voc.  The entire string can only pass as much
              current as the lowest current module.  That means the
              higher current module will be forced to operate where it
              can, which is at a higher voltage than its MPP point, as
              David said.  <br>
              If you don't believe us, hook up a couple of mismatched
              modules and measure voltage across each module, and the
              current. Current is always equal in a series connection,
              then the modules make up for it by moving up or down along
              their IV curve.<br>
              <br>
              <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">R.Ray Walters
CTO, Solarray, Inc
Nabcep Certified PV Installer, 
Licensed Master Electrician
Solar Design Engineer
303 505-8760</pre>
              On 4/29/2013 9:44 AM, Larry Crutcher, Starlight Solar
              Power Systems wrote:<br>
            </div>
            <blockquote
              cite="mid:E5D21F48-A1AD-451D-AB85-6A5E2ED6C950@starlightsolar.com"
              type="cite">
              <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
                charset=ISO-8859-1">
              David, 
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div>Since a PV module is a constant current device, I
                don't believe this will take place. For a given amount
                of light (plus all factors affecting power), the current
                potential will be there. What force can act upon the
                current to reduce it? Consequently, the lowest Vmp the
                inverter can track will dictate the voltage for all
                strings. This means less power from the highest Vmp
                modules. Do you agree?
                <div apple-content-edited="true"><br>
                  Larry Crutcher<br>
                  <div><br>
                    <br>
                    <br>
                    <br>
                    <br>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <br>
                <div>
                  <div>On Apr 28, 2013, at 9:33 AM, David Katz <<a
                      moz-do-not-send="true"
                      href="mailto:dkatz@aeesolar.com">dkatz@aeesolar.com</a>>

                    wrote:</div>
                  <br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
                  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;
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                    <div>Kirk</div>
                    <div>The 43volt 5.5 amp panel will operate at 3.6
                      amps, so it's voltage will move up toward open
                      circuit voltage, raising the mppt voltage of that
                      string.  I would bet that the voltage of that
                      entire string will rise to match the higher
                      voltage string by moving toward open circuit
                      voltage.  It should work fine.</div>
                    <div>David Katz<br>
                      <br>
                      Sent from my iPhone</div>
                    <div><br>
                      On Apr 28, 2013, at 9:01 AM, "Kirk Herander" <<a
                        moz-do-not-send="true"
                        href="mailto:kirk@vtsolar.com">kirk@vtsolar.com</a>>

                      wrote:<br>
                      <br>
                    </div>
                    <blockquote type="cite">
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                      <div class="WordSection1">
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:14.0pt">Hello everyone,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                        <div><span style="font-size:14.0pt"> </span><br
                            class="webkit-block-placeholder">
                        </div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:14.0pt">I am at present
                            adding to a -20- panel array of old Sanyo
                            HIT “lipped” 200 watt panels. They are
                            configured in -4- series strings of -5-
                            panels, with a string MPP voltage of 279 vdc
                            (55.8 v, 3.6 a each). The customer wants to
                            add another nominal 2 kw using the (now)
                            Panasonic 235 watt HIT’s which have an MPP
                            of 43.0 vdc, 5.5 a. I am locked in to an
                            existing SMA 6000US inverter. Obviously I
                            cannot get all the strings to the same
                            voltage. But I can get relatively close by
                            rewiring:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                        <div><span style="font-size:14.0pt"> </span><br
                            class="webkit-block-placeholder">
                        </div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:14.0pt">String 1: -7- 200
                            watt @ 55.8 ea. = 390.6 v MPP<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:14.0pt">String 2: same as
                            string 1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:14.0pt">String 3: -6- 200
                            watt @ 55.8 plus -1- 235 watt @ 43.0 = 377.8
                            v MPP<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:14.0pt">String 4: -9- 235
                            watt @ 43.0 = 387 v MPP<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                        <div><span style="font-size:14.0pt"> </span><br
                            class="webkit-block-placeholder">
                        </div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:14.0pt">Under this scenario
                            there is a delta of about 12 vdc between
                            high and low MPP. I assume the entire array
                            will operate at the 377.8 V MPP. I know that
                            the 235 watt panel will be current limited
                            also in string 3. Am I missing anything
                            obvious in doing it like this? How will the
                            inverter arrive at an operational MPP
                            voltage?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                        <div><span style="font-size:14.0pt"> </span><br
                            class="webkit-block-placeholder">
                        </div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:14.0pt">PS. In a pinch I
                            could install a leftover 200 watt HIT I have
                            in the shop. That way I could have -3-
                            strings of -7- 200’s @ 390.6 v MPP, and one
                            string of 235’s @ 387v MPP. But I would
                            prefer not to use this panel since the frame
                            is damaged.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                        <div><span style="font-size:14.0pt"> </span><br
                            class="webkit-block-placeholder">
                        </div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:14.0pt">Kirk Herander<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:14.0pt">VT Solar, LLC<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:14.0pt">dba Vermont Solar
                            Engineering<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:14.0pt">NABCEP<sup>TM </sup>Certified
                            Inaugural Certificant<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:14.0pt">NYSERDA-eligible
                            Installer<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:14.0pt">VT RE Incentive
                            Program Partner<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:14.0pt">802.863.1202<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
                      </div>
                    </blockquote>
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      <pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
List sponsored by Home Power magazine

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