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      Hi boB,<br>
      <br>
      Kudos to you, too. Flat-topping (bottoming) is so very descriptive
      and hopefully universally understandable. Excellent analogies.<br>
      Technical education/expertise sharing is one of the most prized
      benefits of belonging/participating on the RE-wrenches list.<br>
      Thanks,<br>
      <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Bill Loesch
Solar 1 - Saint Louis Solar
314 631 1094</pre>
      On 22-Mar-13 1:07 AM, boB wrote:<br>
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      <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 3/21/2013 9:59 PM, Exeltech wrote:<br>
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cite="mid:1363928398.16085.YahooMailClassic@web141404.mail.bf1.yahoo.com"
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              <td style="font: inherit;" valign="top">Wrenches,<br>
                <br>
                I'm probably a lone voice on this .. and not intending
                to get overly picky.<br>
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      <br>
      <br>
      No, two lonely voices, Dan.<br>
      <br>
      I associate clipping with audio waveforms which stops<br>
      the negative or positive voltage peaks flat.  Also called<br>
      flat-topping.<br>
      <br>
      Limiting is like turning down the volume.  The waveform<br>
      stays the same and does not distort as it would if it<br>
      were being flat topped (and flat bottomed)<br>
      <br>
      Thanks !<br>
      boB<br>
      <br>
      <br>
      <br>
      <br>
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cite="mid:1363928398.16085.YahooMailClassic@web141404.mail.bf1.yahoo.com"
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                Could we call power limiting what it is .. "limiting",
                and not "clipping"?<br>
                <br>
                Clipping implies distortion, which isn't the case here. 
                Limiting is just that.<br>
                The inverter output is limited to some maximum value --
                not "clipped".<br>
                <br>
                The output power curve flattens when integrated over
                time, but this still isn't<br>
                distortion in the waveform.  It's simply a point in the
                output where the derivative<br>
                is zero.  Not increasing, not decreasing.  Just ..
                zero.  No additional increase<br>
                in the output for an increase in available energy at the
                input.  Think "governor"<br>
                on an engine....<br>
                <br>
                Thanks.<br>
                <br>
                <br>
                Dan Lepinski, Sr. Engineer<br>
                Exeltech / Exeltech Solar Products<br>
                <br>
                <br>
                --- On <b>Thu, 3/21/13, David Brearley <i><a
                      moz-do-not-send="true"
                      class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
                      href="mailto:david.brearley@solarprofessional.com"><david.brearley@solarprofessional.com></a></i></b>
                wrote:<br>
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                  255); margin-left: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"><br>
                  From: David Brearley <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                    class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
                    href="mailto:david.brearley@solarprofessional.com"><david.brearley@solarprofessional.com></a><br>
                  Subject: Re: [RE-wrenches] P1 micro performance<br>
                  To: "RE-wrenches" <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                    class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
                    href="mailto:re-wrenches@lists.re-wrenches.org"><re-wrenches@lists.re-wrenches.org></a><br>
                  Date: Thursday, March 21, 2013, 11:37 PM<br>
                  <br>
                  <div id="yiv2118386813"><base>
                    <div>
                      <div>Thanks for sharing the screen capture, Marco.</div>
                      <div><br>
                      </div>
                      <div>Interesting issues to think about here. This
                        is actually prime clipping season in many places
                        (not sure about Hawaii) due to the cool weather.
                        While there are more sun-hours in the summer,
                        the cell temperatures are often high enough that
                        you won't tend to see rated power out of the
                        modules. </div>
                      <div><br>
                      </div>
                      <div>While I'm not running performance models for
                        work, the people who do are routinely increasing
                        dc-to-ac ratios, often as high as 1.4-to-1.
                        Having said that, most inverters aren't
                        installed on a roof. (Not yet anyway.) </div>
                      <div><br>
                      </div>
                      <div>I'd probably lean to a more conservative
                        sizing ratio for micros. While I can imagine
                        some scenarios where I'd be comfortable with a
                        215 W micro on a 265 W module—like a flat roof
                        install in Vermont, which reportedly doesn't see
                        1,000 W/m^2 very often—I wouldn't try that here
                        in Texas.</div>
                      <br>
                      <br>
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