<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" ><tr><td valign="top" style="font: inherit;">By the way, in answer to answer your original question, capacitors of proper value, when installed in a circuit containing inductive loads, are capable of allowing the circuit to attain a power factor of 1.0. As part of our Underwriter's Laboratories testing for our grid-tied inverters, a test fixture is used that's capable of both inductive and capacitive reactance (it's part of the anti-islanding tests). I've witnessed the power factor being adjusted from 0.7 leading and lagging to an absolute perfect 1.0000 (yes, four decimals). It's all done by varying the value of capacitance in the circuit. Thus, if one were to use lab-grade test equipment, and take the time needed to make such a precision adjustment, it's possible to achieve absolute unity in an inductive circuit by "tuning" it with a capacitive circuit.<br><br><br>Dan<br>
<br><br>--- On <b>Mon, 1/10/11, North Texas Renewable Energy Inc <i><ntrei@1scom.net></i></b> wrote:<br><blockquote style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); margin-left: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"><br>From: North Texas Renewable Energy Inc <ntrei@1scom.net><br>Subject: Re: [RE-wrenches] Xslent?<br>To: "RE-wrenches" <re-wrenches@lists.re-wrenches.org><br>Date: Monday, January 10, 2011, 8:29 AM<br><br><div id="yiv1864256617">
<div><span class="yiv1864256617718422114-10012011"><font face="Arial">How efficient is a
capacitor in offsetting the power factor error? 99.9%...<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style=""> </span>±2%...?</span></font></span></div>
<div><span class="yiv1864256617718422114-10012011"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Jim
Duncan</span></font></span></div>
<blockquote>
<div class="yiv1864256617OutlookMessageHeader" dir="ltr" align="left"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">-----Original Message-----<br><b>From:</b>
re-wrenches-bounces@lists.re-wrenches.org
[mailto:re-wrenches-bounces@lists.re-wrenches.org]<b>On Behalf Of
</b>Exeltech<br><b>Sent:</b> Sunday, January 09, 2011 9:03 PM<br><b>To:</b>
RE-wrenches<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [RE-wrenches] Xslent?<br><br></font></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top">--- On Fri, 1/7/11, Peter Parrish
<peter.parrish@calsolareng.com> wrote:<br><br>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1108495799MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;">> What ever
is done to reduce the reative power, it has to be done</span></font></p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1108495799MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;">> in real
time (with a fraction of 0.016 seconds, the 60 Hz
cycle).</span></font></p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1108495799MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;">> You can’t
wait until later in the evening to solve a problem
that</span></font></p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1108495799MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;">> is
occuring during the day.</span></font></p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1108495799MsoNormal"><br></p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1108495799MsoNormal">Peter is absolutely correct. Power
factor correction MUST occur on a half-cycle by half-cycle basis, and at
the exact moment of power consumption by the reactive load.
Anything else won't be effective, and may in fact worsen the power
factor at a given point in the grid. <br></p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1108495799MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;"><br></span></font></p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1108495799MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;"></span></font> </p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1108495799MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;">> Real time
compensation can be often done with capacitors alone</span></font></p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1108495799MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;">> or in
conjuction with some smart electronics. Remember that
for</span></font></p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1108495799MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;">> short
periods of time capacitors can store considerable
amounts</span></font></p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1108495799MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;">> of energy
and can smooth out these reactive currents.</span></font></p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1108495799MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;">
<br></span></font></p>Capacitors placed across a power line will store
energy for exactly one-half cycle. At that point, the polarity
reverses, the capacitor is discharged to to zero, then recharged to the
opposite polarity. This process repeats every cycle.<br><br>What
DOES take place is a phase shift (displacement) in the current flow
relative to the voltage waveform. Power factor correction is done
with capacitor banks (we see them in substations and on power poles) to
offset the power factor of the grid itself, which by its design is
inherently inductive due to long runs of wire. Very large motors
will have individual "tuning" capacitors installed to offset inductive
reactive current flow. These capacitors are disconnected whenever
the respective motor to which they're connected is not in use. On
occasion, excessive capacitance exists in a circuit that must be offset
by inductance, but this is rare.<br><br><br>Like Tom Cruise said in Top
Gun .. "It's complicated."<br><br><br>Dan<br><br><br><br><br>--- On
<b>Fri, 1/7/11, Peter Parrish
<i><peter.parrish@calsolareng.com></i></b> wrote:<br>
<blockquote style="padding-left: 5px; margin-left: 5px; border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255);"><br>From:
Peter Parrish <peter.parrish@calsolareng.com><br>Subject: Re:
[RE-wrenches] Xslent?<br>To: "'RE-wrenches'"
<re-wrenches@lists.re-wrenches.org><br>Date: Friday, January 7,
2011, 5:39 PM<br><br>
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<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;">I know only a
little about Power Factor “charges”, but we can figure out some other
“engineering” issues.</span></font></p>
<div>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;"></span></font> </p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;">Power Factor
is a measure of the amount of reactive (out-of-phase) power compared
to real (in-phase) power. It is somewhat complicated but the PF is
unity for 100% in phase and 0 for 100% out-of-phase power.
</span></font></p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;"></span></font> </p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;">The important
thing to remember is that (while holding the real power constant) for
PFs less than unity there is in addition to the real power, and
“in-flow” of power and an “outflow” of power four times a cycle. One
might say, “Why do I care about reactive power? It flows in and out
with no net contribution over the long run!). True, but the in-flow
and out-flow represents higher currents on the lines and
more<span> </span>losses. Or it means that there have to be
oversized service conductors to avoid the extra losses. Even if the
losses are avoided, the higher currents can trip overcurrent
protection devices, and of course the utility company needs to supply
(and take back) the extra currents in real time.</span></font></p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;"></span></font> </p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;">What ever is
done to reduce the reative power, it has to be done in real time (with
a fraction of 0.016 seconds, the 60 Hz cycle). You can’t wait until
later in the evening to solve a problem that is occuring during the
day.</span></font></p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;"></span></font> </p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;">Real time
compensation can be often done with capacitors alone or in conjuction
with some smart electronics. Remember that for short periods of time
capacitors can store considerable amounts of energy and can smooth out
these reactive currents.</span></font></p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;"></span></font> </p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;">I can well
imagine how an inverter can be designed to generate both real and
reactive power, and therfore an inverter can reduce the amount of
reactive power that needs to be supplied by the utility company – but
not when the sun isn’t shining. I suspect that these types of
inverters will have oversized output circuit wiring to handle the
reactive currents without adversely impacting their efficiency rating.
</span></font></p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;"></span></font> </p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;">If I have
time this weekend, I will take a look at Apparent’s
website.</span></font></p>
<p><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span> </span>- Peter</span></font></p>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy; font-family: Arial;">Peter T.
Parrish, Ph.D., President<br>California Solar Engineering, Inc.<br>820
Cynthia Ave. , Los Angeles , CA 90065<br>CA Lic. 854779, NABCEP Cert.
031806-26<br><a rel="nofollow">peter.parrish@calsolareng.com</a><span>
</span><br>Ph 323-258-8883, Mobile 323-839-6108, Fax
323-258-8885<span> </span></span></font><font color="navy" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy;"><span> </span></span></font><font color="navy" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; color: navy;"><span> </span></span></font><font color="navy"><span style="color: navy;"></span></font></p>
<p><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></font><font color="black" face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></font> </p></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">
<hr tabindex="-1" align="center" size="2" width="100%">
</span></font></div>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma;">From:</span></font></b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma;">
re-wrenches-bounces@lists.re-wrenches.org
[mailto:re-wrenches-bounces@lists.re-wrenches.org] <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">On Behalf Of </span></b>Jamie
Johnson<br><b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span></b> Friday,
January 07, 2011 2:03 PM<br><b><span style="font-weight: bold;">To:</span></b> RE-wrenches<br><b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject:</span></b> Re: [RE-wrenches] <span class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192SpellE">Xslent</span>?</span></font></p></div>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></font> </p>
<div>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Verdana" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Verdana;">It's an
interesting product for a niche market if it actually works as
they say (<span class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192SpellE">Disclaimer:I</span> am not
claiming that it does), after speaking with an individual who
I believe is the VP of Production for Apparent (use to work
for <span class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192SpellE">EnPhase</span> according to their
website), he claims that the product is currently installed at
the Google campus on a solar canopy for some of their EV
chargers (can anyone verify this?)</span></font></p></div>
<div>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Verdana" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Verdana;"></span></font> </p></div>
<div>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Verdana" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Verdana;">They have
several other beta installs as well, however the individual I
spoke to said they were only installing small systems at beta
test sites (where the <span class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192SpellE">Util</span> co charges for VAR's using
separate meters like for EV charging) for now. No
pricing has been set for the inverters, and they are not available for
sale to installers yet.</span></font></p></div>
<div>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Verdana" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Verdana;"></span></font> </p></div>
<div>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Verdana" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Verdana;">Apparently
they claim the inverter can create/produce VAR's by taking 1
watt of power from the grid at night or from the solar output during
the day and turning it into approximately 9 VAR's to offset the
customers charges for VAR usage from the Grid. This is
where the <span class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192SpellE">KVAh</span> production on
the graph before sunrise and after sunset comes
from.</span></font></p></div>
<div>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Verdana" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Verdana;"></span></font> </p></div>
<div>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Verdana" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Verdana;">I still
would need to see a third party head to head comparison test before I
believed it. Again niche market inverter for when the
utility co charges for VAR's.</span></font></p></div>
<div>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Verdana" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Verdana;"></span></font> </p></div>
<div>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Verdana" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Verdana;">Jamie</span></font></p></div>
<div>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Verdana" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Verdana;"></span></font> </p></div>
<div>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Verdana" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Verdana;"></span></font> </p></div>
<div>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Verdana" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Verdana;"></span></font> </p></div>
<div>
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Verdana" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Verdana;"></span></font> </p></div>
<blockquote id="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192replyBlockquote" style="border-right: medium none; padding: 0in 0in 0in 4pt; border-width: medium medium medium 1pt; border-style: none none none solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-left: 4.15pt;">
<div id="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192wmQuoteWrapper">
<p class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Verdana" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Verdana;">--------
Original Message --------<br>Subject: Re: [RE-wrenches] <span class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192SpellE">Xslent</span>?<br>From: August Goers
<<a rel="nofollow">august@luminalt.com</a>><br>Date:
Fri, January 07, 2011 10:24 am<br>To: RE-wrenches <<a rel="nofollow">re-wrenches@lists.re-wrenches.org</a>><br><br>Hi
All -<br><br>Thanks for the helpful info! We did a little more
research on our end and<br>I guess Apparent is the new brand name
for the <span class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192SpellE">Xslent</span> product.
What<br>baffles me is the chart where they show that they're
producing power<br>before and after sunrise and sunset:<br><br><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.apparent.com/products/mgi.html">http://www.apparent.com/products/mgi.html</a><br><br>The
system must include batteries? Someone on their marketing team
is<br>really going to town...<br><br>Best,
August<br><br>-----Original Message-----<br>From: <a rel="nofollow">re-wrenches-bounces@lists.re-wrenches.org</a><br>[<a rel="nofollow">mailto:re-wrenches-bounces@lists.re-wrenches.org</a>]
On Behalf Of jay <span class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192SpellE">peltz</span><br>Sent: Thursday, January
06, 2011 4:43 PM<br>To: RE-wrenches<br>Subject: Re: [RE-wrenches]
<span class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192SpellE">Xslent</span>?<br><br>HI
Peter,<br><br>I agree with you that for now on residential it makes
no sense.<br>However for commercial that might have to pay extra for
PF issues, to have<br>the inverter adjust for this makes
sense.<br>Its the reason they( inverter companies ) are doing
it.<br><span class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192SpellE">I"ve</span> heard a better
more complete reason of course from Bill Brooks, who<br>maybe can
chime in.<br><br>sorry got away from me,<br><br><br>jay<br><span class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192SpellE">peltz</span> power<br>On Jan 6, 2011, at
2:34 PM, Peter Parrish wrote:<br><br>> I can't understand how any
inverter WOULDN'T deliver its power with the<br>> voltage and
current 100% IN PHASE.<br>><br>> When the voltage and current
are not 100% in-phase that represents<br>reactive<br>> power.
Reactive power flows positive for a quarter of the AC cycle,
then<br>> negative for a quarter of a cycle, then positive and
then negative. The<br>net<br>> result over one AC cycle is ZERO
power delivered to the load.<br>><br>> So reactive power is
worthless.<br>><br>> Worse, it results in higher currents (and
voltages) for the same amount<br>of<br>> in-phase power, putting
additional stress on circuits.<br>><br>> -
Peter<br>><br>><br>> Peter T. Parrish, Ph.D.,
President<br>> California Solar Engineering, Inc.<br>> 820
Cynthia Ave. , Los Angeles , CA 90065<br>> CA <span class="yiv1864256617yiv1501302192SpellE">Lic</span>. 854779, NABCEP Cert.
031806-26<br>> <a rel="nofollow">peter.parrish@calsolareng.com</a><br>>
Ph 323-258-8883, Mobile 323-839-6108, Fax
323-258-8885<br>><br><br>_______________________________________________<br><br>_______________________________________________</span></font></p></div></blockquote></div></div><br>-----Inline
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