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<P><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Here are details of a system I am working with:</FONT>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">2 hours south of Sacramento CA and west into the coast range for 5 miles and 30 minutes on a rough dirt road is an improvement. The improvement consists of a large main house, 2 separate guest cabins, and a four car garage, all built out of logs from British Columbia. Out back and up the hill is a power house. There is a well with bad water and a satellite telephone, no PG&E. Most of the time no one is around, but a few times a year, folks show up and have a party.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">This off-grid power system consists of 16 - Enersys 1690 AH @ 20 hour HUP 12V forklift batteries. The batteries are arranged in 4 strings of 4 batteries each.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">There are 10 - Outback VFX3648 inverters in a 2 phase stack.</FONT>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">There is a Kohler REGZ 30 KVA propane powered generator.</FONT>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Also included is about 5 KW worth of Astropower 120 modules plugged into 2 MX60s.</FONT>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">A Trimetric TM-2020 watches the charge flowing in and out of the battery bank.</FONT>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">The system has run without interruption or major problem for 6 years. However, recently we have had our first major service on the generator, our first smoked inverter, and we have a dead cell in one of the batteries.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Besides the occasionally high demand use events, the stand by conditions run along two seasonal veins: In summer the main demand besides the usual refrigerator and alarm system is pumping and treating irrigation water; In the winter heating systems run to keep the buildings warm.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">The contribution of the PV is secondary. On a recent visit the 2 MX's generated about 30KWH of energy in a day. However, this significant contribution to the system is generally not sufficient to completely offset the summer standby loads and the generator will run according to it's AGS setting about once every 2 - 3 weeks. In the winter the generator runs more often.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">I have the AGS running on Volt Start and it appears that the generator will run after somewhere between 2000 and 3000 Ah have been removed from the bank. Once started the charge settings are bulk to 60V, absorb for 12 minutes and shut-off. In the winter the chargers can run at almost their full power and deliver about 360 A during the bulk phase. In the summer the chargers fold back significantly due to heat in the power house. This folded-back charge rate is what has dictated the charge regime. Not wanting to run the generator at reduce capacity for extended lengths of time means getting the voltage up through the bulk phase as best as possible in the summer and then bailing on the absorption phase. This has been the one-size-fits-all setting that has been running all year round for 6 years.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Recently I checked the specific gravity of the batteries at the end of the normal charge cycle and got 1260 in most cells. Interestingly enough I then put in an additional 1200 Ah and the sp didn't budge.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">My sense is that the bank, on average, has been getting charging up to about 80-85% of full and then discharging to about 50-55% of full.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">So there you have it. Perhaps a lamentable state of affairs, but the state of affairs none the less.</FONT>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">I know there are many many possibilities for this system. The owner would prefer to manage on-going maintenance costs as opposed to making significant capital expenditures on major system reconfigurations.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Here is what I am thinking of doing: I want to remove the string of batteries with the bad cell completely from the system. That gives me an increase in my bulk charge current for the remaining strings and reduces the number of parallel strings. I also want 4 times a year to adjust the charge parameters to match the seasonal condition including tacking on as much absorption time as feasible.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">So what to do with all those extra batteries? Can I cut them all out into the individual cells, drain the acid and keep them in storage, available to replace bad cells in the future?</FONT></P>
<P><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Any advice?</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial"> </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Mark Frye</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Berkeley Solar Electric Systems</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">303 Redbud Way</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">Nevada City, CA 95959</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">(530) 401-8024</FONT>
<BR><A HREF="http://www.berkeleysolar.com"><U><FONT COLOR="#0000FF" SIZE=2 FACE="Arial">www.berkeleysolar.com</FONT></U></A><FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial"> </FONT>
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