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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Peter,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>The fact that the cut sheet does not have that information
should be an indicator to you. EPV has never manufactured modules much above 42
watts—that’s what is currently listed. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>8 in parallel sounds very suspect. They would have to have a
series fuse rating of about 35 amps to pull that off. Remember that the
parallel module currents must be subtracted from the fuse size to determine the
final fuse size when paralleling strings before going to a fuse. Lots of
folks are claiming to start production on a-Si arrays, and few people have a
clue on how to design arrays for them—least of which are most of the
manufacturers. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Minimum fuse size for 8 strings in parallel:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Isc = 1.49 A<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Imax = 1.49 A x 1.25 = 1.86 A<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Minimum fuse size for parallel strings = 8 x 1.86A x 1.25 = 18.6
A (20A next available size)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Fault analysis:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>7 strings (n-1) plus series fuse = total current into faulted string<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>7 x 1.86 = 13.02 A<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Total current in fault condition = 13.02A +20 A = 33.02 A (35A
next available size)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I sincerely doubt they are going to come out with a 35A max
series fuse rating for their module. Many PV module manufacturers have done the
fault analysis wrong and only included the fuse as the source of current. I
would expect them manufacturer to say that their max series fuse rating is 20 A
and that 8 strings can be paralleled. That is clearly wrong. From the previous
analysis, it is clear that much fewer than 8 in parallel would be allowed
(maybe 3 or 4 would work—you do the math).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>To answer your original question, SMA makes a 52-string combiner
box with a max series fuse of 8 amps. This would be an ideal box for an a-Si
array. The other issue that is often not understood is that most glass a-Si
modules should have blocking diodes for each series string. Broken modules
produce high currents that become pyrovoltaic without diodes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Bill.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Bill Brooks, PE<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Brooks Engineering<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>873 Kells Circle<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Vacaville, CA 95688<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Office and Mobile: 707-332-0761<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Office Fax: 707-451-7739<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>email: Bill@BrookSolar.com<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>www.BrookSolar.com<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
re-wrenches-bounces@lists.re-wrenches.org
[mailto:re-wrenches-bounces@lists.re-wrenches.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Peter
Parrish<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, July 21, 2009 5:52 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'RE-wrenches'<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [RE-wrenches] String Combiners for a-Si modules<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'>EPV Solar EVP-54</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'>The Isc is 1.49 A</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'>The cut sheet does not list a series fuse rating for the module.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'>But it does say something about being able to use up to 8 in
parallel without external protection.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'>I am in the hunt for installation instructions.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'>- Peter </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:navy'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><br clear=all>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p> <o:p></o:p></p>
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src="cid:image001.gif@01CA0AB9.7FE23880" align=left hspace=12 v:shapes="_x0000_s1026"><![endif]><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;color:navy'>Peter T. Parrish, Ph.D., President<br>
California Solar Engineering, Inc.<br>
820 Cynthia Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90065<br>
CA Lic. 854779, NABCEP Cert. 031806-26<br>
<a href="mailto:peter.parrish@calsolareng.com">peter.parrish@calsolareng.com</a>
<br>
Ph 323-258-8883, Mobile 323-839-6108, Fax
323-258-8885
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
re-wrenches-bounces@lists.re-wrenches.org
[mailto:re-wrenches-bounces@lists.re-wrenches.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Kirpal
Khalsa<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, July 21, 2009 3:11 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> RE-wrenches<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [RE-wrenches] String Combiners for a-Si modules</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>Peter...depending on the series
fuse rating you might be able to get away with more strings in parallel before
series fusing is required........what panels are they and what is the series
fuse rating of the modules?<br>
Fronius has a white paper explaining when series fusing is required and when
you can get by without.......it all relates to series fuse rating and
Isc......the higher the series fuse rating and the lower the Isc the more
strings you can parallel with out adding series fusing........<br>
-- <br>
Sunny Regards,<br>
Kirpal Khalsa<br>
NABCEP Certified Solar PV Installer<br>
Renewable Energy Systems<br>
<a href="http://www.oregonsolarworks.com">www.oregonsolarworks.com</a><br>
541-218-0201 m<br>
541-592-3958 o<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal>On Tue, Jul 21, 2009 at 2:44 PM, Peter Parrish <<a
href="mailto:peter.parrish@calsolareng.com">peter.parrish@calsolareng.com</a>>
wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>We are doing an engineering
design for a large scale PV ground mount system<br>
based on a-Si modules. Since the Isc of the modules is 1.5 A, instead of 7-8<br>
A of typical c-Si modules, are there special low-current combiners out<br>
there? Does each string need an overcurrent protection device? Any help with<br>
a-Si based system design would be greatly appreciated.<br>
<br>
<br>
Peter T. Parrish, Ph.D., President<br>
California Solar Engineering, Inc.<br>
820 Cynthia Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90065<br>
CA Lic. 854779, NABCEP Cert. 031806-26<br>
<a href="mailto:peter.parrish@calsolareng.com">peter.parrish@calsolareng.com</a><br>
Ph 323-258-8883, Mobile 323-839-6108, Fax 323-258-8885<br>
<br>
<br>
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