[RE-wrenches] RSS: Is it necessary?

Christopher Warfel cwarfel at entech-engineering.com
Tue Feb 18 08:33:47 PST 2025


Well, I think if wiring of a ground mounted system looks like a jungle 
gym, then something is wrong.

On 2/18/2025 11:32 AM, Glenn wrote:
> Rarely are AC electrical circuits and equipment placed adjacent to a 
> residence in a cleared field where there may be children thinking it 
> looks like a jungle gym either...
>
> -Glenn
>
> On Feb 18, 2025 11:23, Christopher Warfel via RE-wrenches 
> <re-wrenches at lists.re-wrenches.org> wrote:
>
>     I think the 8' rule for this is a little bizarre. I can have ac
>     circuits lower than 8' all through my basement, attic and so
>     forth, but this barrier requirement for dc conductors that have
>     robust jackets and no exposed live connections has been hard to
>     justify.  Christopher Warfel
>
>     On 2/18/2025 12:25 AM, William Miller via RE-wrenches wrote:
>
>         Tyrone:
>
>         You raise an excellent point. Wire guarding is required on
>         ground mount arrays
>         <https://millersolar.com/MillerSolar/case_studies/18%20Wire_shielding_on_ground_mounted_PV_arrays/Wire_shielding_on_ground_mounts.html>,
>         although the language is vague and the industry does not
>         provide many hardware solutions.  Also, in our area the
>         enforcement
>         <https://millersolar.com/MillerSolar/case_studies/18%20Wire_shielding_on_ground_mounted_PV_arrays/SLO_County.html>
>         of the code on this practice is non-existent.  I suspect this
>         is true in many regions.  Improvements need to be made.
>
>         William Miller
>
>         Miller Solar
>
>         17395 Oak Road, Atascadero, CA 93422
>
>         805-438-5600
>
>         www.millersolar.com <http://www.millersolar.com/>
>
>         CA Lic. 773985
>
>         *From:*Tyrone Houck [mailto:tyronehouck at gmail.com]
>         *Sent:* Monday, February 17, 2025 8:59 PM
>         *To:* william at millersolar.com; RE-wrenches
>         *Subject:* Re: [RE-wrenches] RSS: Is it necessary?
>
>         As far as ground mounted arrays are concerned there is one
>         clear protection mandated by the NEC-the requirement for
>         protection from physical damage for all conductors under 8'..
>         although this isn't as specific or redundant as rapid shutdown
>         requirements, it typically means conduit or at least some kind
>         of physical barrier with the intention often referenced as
>         protection for children or other unqualified personnel. Not
>         sure if that fits into the point you were making but it seems
>         worth mentioning.
>
>         Sunny Regards,
>
>         Tyrone Houck
>
>         Oregon Solarworks LLC
>
>         CCB #204937 LRT #076
>
>         541-787-1366
>
>         tyrone at oregonsolarworks.com
>
>
>         On Mon, Feb 17, 2025, 8:42 PM William Miller via RE-wrenches
>         <re-wrenches at lists.re-wrenches.org> wrote:
>
>             Rebekah:
>
>             Thank you for your post.
>
>             I have looked at UL3741 over and over.  Here is what I
>             have gleaned:  After module level RSS was mandated there
>             was a reevaluation of what voltages were actually
>             dangerous for firefighters to be exposed to.  It turns out
>             80 VDC is not dangerous and, given all of the
>             circumstances for firefighters, exposure to voltages that
>             are much higher is safe enough.  For some reason I have
>             not yet grasped, all of the components need to be matched
>             and tested to achieve the hallowed UL3741 rating.
>
>             Module level RSS would have presented a big enough
>             upheaval in the industry if the equipment needed to comply
>             was safe and reliable. There is evidence that in many
>             cases it may not be, and that amplifies the skepticism
>             many feel about the current solutions, and frankly, any
>             future solutions.
>
>             It appears the code making panel, when writing the
>             original module level RSS requirements, may have been a
>             bit “chicken little” about the need for RSS.  This
>             presents a real credibility issue for code makers.  You
>             are seeing that credibility problem reflected in the
>             discussions here on this forum.  Given the back-peddling,
>             how can we understand and believe what is really necessary?
>
>             Forgive me for being skeptical, but why is it that systems
>             with components that have been tested together are
>             demonstrably safer than any collection of high quality
>             components installed carefully and competently?
>
>             In my mind there is another disconnect here (pun
>             intended):  I can put high voltage, arc producing and
>             sustaining wiring on a residential roof or free-standing
>             rack and not be required to protect that wiring in any
>             specific manner.  If I were to install a 240VAC,
>             over-current protected and de-energizeable air
>             conditioning feeder without conduit, I would be red-tagged
>             in a hot second.  It may be that fire-fighters in
>             protective clothing can withstand voltage above 80VDC, but
>             can children not wearing protective “turn-out” clothing? 
>             Children mess around on roofs and underneath ground-mount
>             arrays.  Why is the NEC not protecting them by mandating
>             specific, listed and tested wire management and guarding
>             systems?
>
>             Thank you very much and I look forward to your reply.
>
>             Sincerely,
>
>             William Miller
>
>             Miller Solar
>
>             17395 Oak Road, Atascadero, CA 93422
>
>             805-438-5600
>
>             www.millersolar.com <http://www.millersolar.com/>
>
>             CA Lic. 773985
>
>             *From:*RE-wrenches
>             [mailto:re-wrenches-bounces at lists.re-wrenches.org] *On
>             Behalf Of *Rebekah Hren via RE-wrenches
>             *Sent:* Monday, February 17, 2025 10:26 AM
>             *To:* RE-wrenches
>             *Cc:* Rebekah Hren
>             *Subject:* Re: [RE-wrenches] RSS: Is it necessary?
>
>             I read the wrenches post regularly, as does Brian Mehalic.
>             We have both been on CMP-4  (responsible for Article 690)
>             for the past three code cycles. I believe a few other CMP
>             members probably read too. The International Association
>             of Firefighters ("largest and most influential labor
>             unions in North America") is represented on CMP-4 and yes
>             they do have had a lot to say about this issue.
>
>             This is definitely not the first time we have heard that
>             certain RS devices are on balance causing more trouble
>             than they are curing  - though on the other hand some
>             manufacturers have certainly figured out how to make safe
>             and effective MLPE.
>
>
>             I'm a big fan of UL3741, I have been on that UL technical
>             committee for about 5 years, and it is the best approach I
>             see to expand both off-grid and grid-interactive solutions
>             that don't require MLPE for RS. SMA for example is very
>             present and working hard at revisions on that standard
>             right now. At this point I can't see us having any luck in
>             removing 690.12 requirements, except perhaps to replace
>             the inside the array boundary voltage limit with only
>             option as 3741 listing). So please keep asking
>             manufacturers (inverter/rack) to pay attention to UL3741
>             and design products to meet the standard.
>
>             Best
>
>             Rebekah
>
>             Licensed Electrical Contractor
>             NABCEP Certified Solar PV Installation Professional™ 091209-85
>
>             Tel: 336.266.8800
>
>             On Mon, Feb 17, 2025 at 10:59 AM Amos Post via RE-wrenches
>             <re-wrenches at lists.re-wrenches.org> wrote:
>
>                 Seems like there has been talk of rescinding RSD
>                 requirements before on this forum.  It also seems that
>                 it might gain some traction if a dedicated group of
>                 installers spoke up to the right people (Code Making
>                 Panel for instance) and put some time into it.   I
>                 agree that at the very least we need reliable RSD
>                 equipment, and my preference would be less vs more.
>
>                 Does anybody know if any sort of RSD is being required
>                 in Europe (not that we follow their electrical
>                 codes/ideas…just curious)???
>
>
>
>                        Amos Post
>                    Integrity Energy
>                   W 802.763.7023
>                    C 802.291.2188
>                 ienergyVT.com <http://www.ienergyvt.com>
>
>                 Facebook
>                 <https://www.facebook.com/integrityenergyllp?ref=hl>
>
>                 On Feb 17, 2025, at 12:30 PM, david quattro via
>                 RE-wrenches <re-wrenches at lists.re-wrenches.org> wrote:
>
>                 It seems anecdotal until it happens to you.
>
>                     My mention of civil disobedience has been answered
>                 clearly with a “No” in this forum, and I'm fine to
>                 hear that.
>
>                    I'll clarify a few points as to why I honestly
>                 think RSD has been a huge and costly mistake. I
>                 genuinely think RSD requirements should be terminated
>                 immediately. If the technology were more robust and if
>                 it worked consistently I wouldn't protest. But *all*
>                 the products I've tried have been trouble.
>
>                    William, respectfully your analogy to seat belts is
>                 not an appropriate comparison to Rapid Shutdown.
>                 Seat-belts were required in all new cars starting in
>                 1968 because there was statistical evidence supporting
>                 their tremendous efficacy in saving human life.
>                 Currently seat belts save about 15,000 lives per year.
>
>                     Contrasting to RSD: was implemented because of the
>                 following paranoid fairytale scenario - “A firefighter
>                 is on a burning solar roof in the daytime, and wearing
>                 a metal axe at their hip. the poor guy/gal falls into
>                 live solar glass, and shatters it. The fall is so
>                 forceful that the heavy-duty fireman’s suit is
>                 punctured. Electricity conducts through the axe blade,
>                 through the suit, contacts the skin, and a DC circuit
>                 is completed through their body.”
>
>                    As far as I know, this has never happened once
>                 anywhere on earth. Let’s be honest - this scenario has
>                 an incredibly low chance of ever happening in all the
>                 future of humanity. So considering that RSD has never
>                 helped anyone yet, and probably never will... How many
>                 fires can be attributed to RSD? How much property
>                 damage has occurred because of these fires?
>
>                 The best path to safety for firefighters is by
>                 preventing fire disasters in the first place.  Fires
>                 spread. Any fire that happens endangers property
>                 owners, tenants, business owners, neighbors, shoppers,
>                 bystanders, nearby forests, etc.  RSD manufacturers
>                 aren't doing a good job right now, so we are seeing
>                 low quality unreliable electronics on the roof. I will
>                 stick my neck out and admit that installers are not
>                 always perfect. Humans make mistakes - sometimes in
>                 initial construction, and sometimes during repair and
>                 maintenance (i.e. when hunting down failed RSD's which
>                 happens far more than it should).
>
>                    At this time, these devices are not being designed
>                 to withstand reality. When problems happen,
>                 manufacturers are quibbling. They ignore you until you
>                 go away, or until you sue them.
>
>                   This level of "safety" is not important, and in fact
>                 RSD is causing fires every year.
>
>                 On Sat, Feb 15, 2025 at 11:38 AM William Miller
>                 <william at millersolar.com> wrote:
>
>                     David, Ray:
>
>                     I have not had any problems with the Tigo RSS
>                     equipment I have installed and I have had minimal
>                     problems with optimizers and micro-inverters
>                     (which are also RSS equipment). Apparently others
>                     have had failures. We don’t know statically how
>                     serious this problem is—the posts here are purely
>                     anecdotal.
>
>                     We also have not heard from the other side of the
>                     debate: the fire fighters.
>
>                     Based on lack of verifiable information I can not
>                     personally conclude that RSS is all problem and no
>                     benefit.
>
>                     To declare that the concept is flawed because the
>                     equipment available is not reliable is like saying
>                     we should not be required to install airbags
>                     because a bad batch of them was manufactured. We
>                     are seeing problems with the equipment needed to
>                     implement a safety requirement.  That observation
>                     does not logically conclude the safety requirement
>                     is not valuable.
>
>                     I hesitate to dismiss any safety requirement out
>                     of hand.  Safety systems are designed to save
>                     lives and protect from injury, and most of them
>                     do.  I am glad to have anti-lock brakes, smoke
>                     detectors and air bags.   I have also found it
>                     quite handy to initiate RSS to allow me to work
>                     more safely on solar circuits.
>
>                     Does anyone on this installers forum have contacts
>                     in the fire-response community that can comment on
>                     the their side of the issue? If RSD is really
>                     necessary for safety, then I will do my best to
>                     install good equipment properly and hold
>                     manufacturers accountable for shoddy solutions. If
>                     RSD is not that effective we need to discuss
>                     undoing the code requirements.
>
>                     Sincerely,
>
>                     William Miller
>
>                     Miller Solar
>
>                     17395 Oak Road, Atascadero, CA 93422
>
>                     805-438-5600
>
>                     www.millersolar.com <http://www.millersolar.com/>
>
>                     CA Lic. 773985
>
>                     *From:*RE-wrenches
>                     [mailto:re-wrenches-bounces at lists.re-wrenches.org]
>                     *On Behalf Of *david quattro via RE-wrenches
>                     *Sent:* Saturday, February 15, 2025 6:05 AM
>                     *To:* RE-wrenches
>                     *Cc:* david quattro
>                     *Subject:* Re: [RE-wrenches] Tigo inverter experience
>
>                     RSD is the worst thing to happen to solar. Has
>                     anyone considered civil disobedience?
>
>                         I wonder what would happen if all the
>                     installers banded together and refused, as a
>                     united industry ‘brotherhood.’ WE are the ones
>                     stuck with the bullshit in the aftermath.
>
>                          I’m not being snarky here , this a genuine
>                     question to the group:   Does anyone have _good_
>                     experience with RSD?   i.e. you’re really glad RSD
>                     was there, and you genuinely feel safer?  you’re
>                     glad and happy to comply with this code and you
>                     look forward to continuing to use RSD for the rest
>                     of your career?
>
>                     On Fri, Feb 14, 2025 at 3:40 PM Ray Walters via
>                     RE-wrenches <re-wrenches at lists.re-wrenches.org> wrote:
>
>                         it seems silly that we are required to install
>                         these extra pieces of equipment for added
>                         "safety", that are actually a fire hazard on
>                         the roof. Just to survey again: how many homes
>                         have been saved by RSD? How many fire fighters
>                         have actually actuated the RSD system, so that
>                         they could hack through the array to vent the
>                         roof?
>
>                         I think it should only be required if you have
>                         covered so much of the roof with PV, that the
>                         fire dept can't access uncovered roof to do
>                         their venting.  The whole premise of RSD is
>                         flawed.  IMHO, its just another effort to
>                         block the wider adoption of solar.
>
>                         When it comes to off grid, RSD causes such a
>                         decrease in reliability to amount to a
>                         decrease in safety, due to possible loss of
>                         communications, water, and heat.  Add the fire
>                         hazard and RSD is really not making our
>                         customers' lives better.
>
>                         Ray Walters
>                         Remote Solar
>
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>     -- 
>     Christopher Warfel, PE
>     ENTECH Engineering, Inc.
>     PO Box 871, Block Island, RI 02807
>     (401) 447-5773
>
>
-- 
Christopher Warfel, PE
ENTECH Engineering, Inc.
PO Box 871, Block Island, RI 02807
(401) 447-5773
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